翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Marginella musica ・ Marginella natalcinerea ・ Marginella nebulosa ・ Marginella nevillana ・ Marginal abatement cost ・ Marginal artery ・ Marginal artery of the colon ・ Marginal budgeting for bottlenecks ・ Marginal concepts ・ Marginal conditional stochastic dominance ・ Marginal Consort ・ Marginal constituencies in the United Kingdom general election, 2005 ・ Marginal constituencies in the United Kingdom general election, 2010 ・ Marginal cost ・ Marginal cost of capital schedule ・ Marginal cost of public funds ・ Marginal demand ・ Marginal distribution ・ Marginal efficiency of capital ・ Marginal employment ・ Marginal factor cost ・ Marginal intra-industry trade ・ Marginal land ・ Marginal likelihood ・ Marginal Man ・ Marginal man theory ・ Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve ・ Marginal model ・ Marginal nucleus of spinal cord ・ Marginal Pinheiros Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Marginal cost of public funds ： ウィキペディア英語版 Marginal cost of public funds The marginal cost of public funds (MCF) is a concept in public finance which measures the loss incurred by society in raising additional revenues to finance government spending due to the distortion of resource allocation caused by taxation.〔Dahlby, B. (2008). ''The Marginal Cost of Public Funds: Theory and Application''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, p. 1.〕 Formally, it is defined as the ratio of the marginal value of a monetary unit raised by the government and the value of that marginal private monetary unit. The applications of the marginal cost of public funds include the Samuelson condition for the optimal provision of public goods and the optimal corrective taxation of externalities in public economic theory, the determination of tax-smoothing policy rules in normative public debt analysis and social cost-benefit analysis common in practical policy analysis. ==History== The initial statement of the MCF problem is generally attributed to Pigou (1947), who stressed the application of the cost-benefit rule to the financing of public spending.〔Pigou, A.C. (1948). ''A Study in Public Finance''. 3rd ed. London: Macmillan.〕 Later, the modification of the Samuelson rule for the optimal provision of public services through the inclusion of a measure of the MCF performed by Stiglitz and Dasgupta (1971), Diamond and Mirrlees (1971) and Atkinson and Stern (1974) proved to be a theoretical milestone.〔Stiglitz, J.E., Dasgupta, P. (1971). Differential Taxation, Public Goods, and Economic Efficiency. ''Review of Economic Studies'', 38(2), pp. 151-174.〕 Complementary, Harberger's (1964, 1971) contributions on the issue of excess burden measurement further influenced the development of the MCF concept, though he focused on the average excess burden (AEB) rather than on the MEB. The first attempt at measuring the MEB is commonly attributed to Campbell (1975).〔Campbell, H.F. (1975). Deadweight Loss and Commodity Taxation in Canada. ''Canadian Journal of Economics'', 8(3), pp. 441-447.〕 Measurement of the MCF, however, was first attempted by Browning (1976), although the inclusion of "substitution effects" impairs his exercise.〔Browning, E.K. (1976). The Marginal Cost of Public Funds. ''Journal of Political Economy''. 84(2), pp. 283-298.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marginal cost of public funds」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.